Metric presentation within a flow builder

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are some implementations of systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for using metrics in association with process flows. For instance, a set of metrics associated with a flow can be generated or updated based, at least in part, on flow performance data. Provided for presentation via a display device and within a flow builder application is an indication of the set of metrics associated with the flow in relation to one or more elements of the flow. At least a portion of the set of metrics is provided for presentation in close proximity to a visual representation of an element of the flow. A request to modify the flow can be received via the flow builder application.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material,which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentor the patent disclosure as it appears in the United States Patent andTrademark Office patent file or records but otherwise reserves allcopyright rights whatsoever.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This patent document generally relates to systems and techniquesassociated with generation, configuration, and execution of processflows. More specifically, this patent document discloses techniques forconfiguring and implementing security measures for execution of processflows.

BACKGROUND

“Cloud computing” services provide shared network-based resources,applications, and information to computers and other devices uponrequest. In cloud computing environments, services can be provided byservers to users' computer systems via the Internet and wirelessnetworks rather than installing software locally on users' computersystems. A user can interact with social networking systems, electronicmail (email) systems, and instant messaging systems, by way of example,in a cloud computing environment.

An organization may provide a variety of services to users via anorganization's website. To ensure that data remains secure, users areoften assigned individual permissions that govern the data that they canaccess. Automated processes typically apply the individual permissionsof users to prevent organizational data from being compromised.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The included drawings are for illustrative purposes and serve only toprovide examples of possible structures and operations for the disclosedsystems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for leveragingand managing assessment environments in an assessment hub. Thesedrawings in no way limit any changes in form and detail that may be madeby one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe disclosed implementations.

FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of an example of a system 100 in which aflow management system is implemented, in accordance with someimplementations.

FIG. 2 shows a system diagram of an example of a flow management system108, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 3A shows a diagram of an example of a process flow 300 that may beexecuted, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 3B shows an example of a graphical user interface (GUI) 350 viawhich a process flow may be configured, in accordance with someimplementations.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a GUI 400 via which a set of flow permissionsmay be configured for a flow, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 5A shows an example of GUI 500 via which a process flow may beconfigured, in accordance with various implementations.

FIG. 5B shows an example of a GUI 550 for enabling profile access for aflow, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 6A shows a block diagram of an example of a GUI 600 via which flowmetrics may be presented within the context of a flow, in accordancewith some implementations.

FIG. 6B shows an example of a GUI 650 including a report generated for aflow, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 6C shows an example of a GUI 680 including graphicalrepresentations of metrics generated for corresponding flows, inaccordance with some implementations.

FIG. 7A shows an example of a method 700 for facilitating configurationfor granular process flow control, in accordance with someimplementations.

FIG. 7B shows an example of a method 720 for facilitating granularprocess flow control, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 7C shows an example of a method 740 for presenting flow metricswithin a process flow builder, in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 7D shows an example of a method 760 for executing a process flow,in accordance with some implementations.

FIG. 8A shows a block diagram of an example of an environment 10 inwhich an on-demand database service can be used in accordance with someimplementations.

FIG. 8B shows a block diagram of an example of some implementations ofelements of FIG. 8A and various possible interconnections between theseelements.

FIG. 9A shows a system diagram of an example of architectural componentsof an on-demand database service environment 900, in accordance withsome implementations.

FIG. 9B shows a system diagram further illustrating an example ofarchitectural components of an on-demand database service environment,in accordance with some implementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Examples of systems, apparatus, methods and computer program productsaccording to the disclosed implementations are described in thissection. These examples are being provided solely to add context and aidin the understanding of the disclosed implementations. It will thus beapparent to one skilled in the art that implementations may be practicedwithout some or all of these specific details. In other instances,certain operations have not been described in detail to avoidunnecessarily obscuring implementations. Other applications arepossible, such that the following examples should not be taken asdefinitive or limiting either in scope or setting.

In the following detailed description, references are made to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part of the description and in whichare shown, by way of illustration, specific implementations. Althoughthese implementations are described in sufficient detail to enable oneskilled in the art to practice the disclosed implementations, it isunderstood that these examples are not limiting, such that otherimplementations may be used and changes may be made without departingfrom their spirit and scope. For example, the operations of methodsshown and described herein are not necessarily performed in the orderindicated. It should also be understood that the methods may includemore or fewer operations than are indicated. In some implementations,operations described herein as separate operations may be combined.Conversely, what may be described herein as a single operation may beimplemented in multiple operations.

Some implementations of the disclosed systems, apparatus, methods andcomputer program products are configured for managing process flows.Process flow management can include generation, configuration, and/orexecution of process flows according to the correspondingconfigurations. A process flow may also be referred to as a flow. A flowcan include one or more elements, which can each correspond to anindividual step or a flow. A flow element within a flow may be referredto as a sub-flow.

In some implementations, individual flows may be generated using a flowbuilder that can be accessed via a corresponding web page. Informationincluding an identification of elements of the flow and indicating anorder in which the elements are executed can be stored in a file or datastructure such as a linked list, tree, or other suitable data structure.Each flow may be represented by a visual representation that can berendered via a display of a client device. A flow can include one ormore elements that each corresponds to a set of computer-readableinstructions.

A user within an organization or external to the organization mayinitiate execution of a flow. During execution of a given flow, thatflow will often access various categories of data. For example, the dataaccessed by a flow may include, but is not limited to, user data, salesdata, marketing data, or account data. In some instances, data accessedby a flow will be processed without displaying or otherwise providingthe user access to the data.

In some implementations, an element of a flow includes a “screenelement.” A screen element may correspond to a set of computer-readableinstructions configured to provide a graphical user interface (GUI) forrendering via a display. For example, the GUI can be rendered via a webpage. A screen element may enable user input to be submitted via aclient device. In addition, a screen element may enable data to beretrieved and provided for display via a client device. Where a sub-flowcorresponding to a user interface element is executed, output of thesub-flow may be displayed. Therefore, data accessed or generated by aflow may be displayed or otherwise provided to the user.

Since users can have access to sensitive organizational data byaccessing system flows, organizations typically maintain strict securitymeasures. These security measures are typically enforced via a singlesecurity configuration, within a user profile, for a user that appliesto all flows that can be accessed via the system. Unfortunately, thesebroad security measures do not enable organizations to implementgranular security measures for individual process flows. In addition,configuring flow security within user profiles can be a tedious andcumbersome process for organizations having numerous users. Furthermore,organizations have been unable to implement security measures for usersfor whom the organization does not have user profiles that include aflow security configuration.

In many instances, organizations use a test system implemented via a“test org” to debug flows before deploying the flows. Deployment caninclude deploying to one or more servers or server clusters. Suchdeployment can involve deploying flows to servers that provide a varietyof services. The ability to deploy flows can be particularly useful inthe deployment of software to customers such as companies that implementthe flows. However, user profiles can contain confidential informationthat cannot be disclosed to external entities. Therefore, providing flowsecurity through user profiles is not a practical or scalable way todeploy granular flow security control.

Moreover, administrators tasked with maximizing performance of flowsgenerally have limited information available to them. As a result, it isdifficult for administrators to identify specific ways that they canimprove the performance of flows. Administrators can expend significanttime and effort attempting to identify inefficiencies perceived by usersaccessing individual flows, as well as reasons for those inefficiencies.

The disclosed implementations facilitate the secure deployment andexecution of flows by enabling granular flow security that limits accessto flows on a per-flow basis. Flow security may be implemented based, atleast in part, on a set of flow permissions that is configured for acorresponding set of flows, which can one or more flows. In this manner,flow permissions can be configured on a per-flow basis. The set of flowpermissions can be deployed separately or in combination with associatedflow(s) via the generation and transmission of package(s) including theset of flow permissions to server(s) and/or server cluster(s).

In some implementations, a set of flow permissions can be configured viaa GUI. During configuration of flow permissions for a set of flows, anindication of a user selection of user-selectable permission option(s)is obtained. Metadata including an indication of the selected permissionoption(s) can then be stored in association with the set of flows.

For example, an administrator or software developer may configure a setof flow permissions for a flow such that access is limited to aparticular individual, group, role, profile type, organizationaldepartment in which the flow will be implemented, or tenant of amulti-tenant database system for which the flow will be implemented. Theconfigured permissions can then be applied to prevent unauthorizedindividuals from executing the flow and accessing confidentialinformation such as database records or associated metadata.

In some implementations, the set of flow permissions associated with aflow are applied to determine whether a user is permitted to access theflow. More particularly, a user profile of a user initiating a flow orfor which the flow is initiated may be accessed in response to a requestto execute the flow. The system can apply the set of flow permissions tothe user profile to ascertain whether the user is authorized to executeor otherwise access the flow.

In some implementations, a set of flow permissions can indicate thoseusers that are authorized to access an associated set of flows.Specifically, the set of flow permissions can include permissionsmetadata such as identifier(s) and/or characteristic(s) of users, groupsof users, or entities permitted to access the set of flows. For example,the set of permissions can r indicate one or more user identifiers, jobtitles, roles, departments, groups, organizations, tenants, and/orprofile types that are permitted to access the set of flows.

In some implementations, a user profile of a user maintains informationthat can be used to determine whether the user is authorized to access aflow. This information can include, but is not limited to, useridentifier such as a name and/or electronic mail (email) address, jobtitle, role, department, group, profile type, organization, and/ortenant.

In some implementations, the system can apply the set of flowpermissions to determine that the user is permitted to execute the flow.Upon determining that the user is permitted to execute the flow, thesystem can initiate execution of the flow. During execution of the flow,flow performance data associated with the flow can be collected. Forexample, the flow performance data can indicate flow performance datafor a single execution of the flow.

In some implementations, flow metrics are generated for an individualflow based, at least in part, on the flow performance data obtained fora plurality of instances of the flow such that the set of metricsreflects the quality of performance of the flow across a plurality ofusers of the database system. More particularly, the flow performancedata associated with each execution of the flow can be used to generateor update metrics associated with the flow such that the metrics reflectperformance of the flow associated with all executions of the flow.

In some implementations, an indication of the set of metrics associatedwith the flow or a portion thereof is provided for presentation by adisplay within the context of a flow builder that facilitates flowgeneration. More particularly, the set of metrics can be provided forpresentation via a web page within the context of a representation ofthe flow, enabling system designers to efficiently identify ways tooptimize flow performance. Any modifications to the flow deemed toimprove flow performance can be made in real-time, via interaction withthe representation of the flow, within the context of the flow builder.A modified flow reflecting the modifications can be stored upon userapproval of the modifications.

In some implementations, the system generates, collects, or otherwiseobtains flow performance data associated with the flow, at least inpart, by ascertaining path(s) of the flow that have been traversed,where each of the paths corresponds to one or more of the elements ofthe flow. In addition, the system may ascertain the number of times agiven path is executed during execution of the flow. The set of metricscan indicate, for each of the paths of the flow, a frequency with whichthe corresponding path is traversed across a plurality of users of thedatabase system.

In some implementations, the system collects the flow performance dataassociated with screen elements of a flow. For example, the system mayascertain an amount of time the user viewed a GUI associated one of theelements of the flow. As another example, the system may ascertain aquantity of times that the user navigated to the GUI during execution ofthe flow. The set of metrics can indicate an average amount of time thatthe GUI associated with the element of the flow was viewed across theplurality of users of the database system and/or an average number oftimes that the users of the database system navigated to the GUI duringexecution of the flow.

By way of illustration, Claire is a manager of engineering at anorganization Acme Construction, Inc. and has been overseeing thedevelopment of a number of process flows including an onboarding processflow for the organization's United States and European offices. Theprocess flows are each tested within a test org. Upon completion ofsuccessful debugging of the flows, flow permissions are configured foreach of the flows using a flow permissions GUI. The flow permissions andassociated flows are packaged and deployed to servers associated withthe United States and European offices.

Yucheng is a manager of the sales Department at one of the US offices ofAcme Construction, Inc. As manager, Yucheng has a new sales employee,Ritika, complete an “onboarding” process that guides new employeesthrough a series of steps that enables employee records to be generatedand appropriate resources to be allocated. Since Ritika is in the salesdepartment, her user profile identifies her as an employee of the salesdepartment with a role of senior sales employee. Ritika logs into thesystem and accesses the onboarding process so that she can receive alaptop and additional resources. The set of flow permissions associatedwith the onboarding process identifies three departments that areauthorized to access the onboarding process: engineering, sales, andaccounting. The system determines that Ritika's profile identifies heras an employee of the sales department and initiates execution inresponse to Ritika's request to initiate the onboarding process.

During the onboarding process, Ritika selects a laptop instead of adesktop and a laptop is assigned to her. In addition, Ritika has theoption to receive paychecks or submit her banking information for directdeposit of her paychecks. Ritika submits her banking information so thather checks will be deposited directly into her bank account. There is abug in a direct deposit screen, so Ritika spends approximately 8 minutesfilling out the banking information. Ritika completes the entire processin 14 minutes.

The system tracks the paths Ritika takes during the onboarding processand records that she has chosen a path including the laptop and directdeposit. The system also records that Ritika has spent 8 minutes on thebanking information screen. The system records this data across all ofthe employees and generates metrics summarizing the information for theonboarding process.

When an employee in the Information Technology (IT) department accessesthe flow information for the onboarding process within the context ofthe flow builder, they ascertain that those employees who chose a pathincluding direct deposit consistently spent more than 7 minutes on thescreen. Based upon these metrics, the IT department investigates andidentifies a bug which they quickly correct. In addition, the ITdepartment concludes that the number of fields and associated questionspresented within the screen is excessive, and modifications to thescreen are made to reduce the number of fields and questions presentedwithin the screen. These modifications can be made in real-time withoutleaving the flow builder, which improves the efficiency with which flowscan be successfully debugged and modified.

FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of an example of a system 100 in which aflow management system is implemented, in accordance with someimplementations. Database system 102 includes a variety of differenthardware and/or software components that are in communication with eachother. In the non-limiting example of FIG. 1, system 102 includes anynumber of computing devices such as servers 104. Servers 104 are incommunication with one or more storage mediums 106 configured to storeand maintain relevant data and/or metadata used to perform some of thetechniques disclosed herein, as well as to store and maintain relevantdata and/or metadata generated by the techniques disclosed herein.Storage mediums 106 may further store computer-readable instructionsconfigured to perform some of the techniques described herein. In someimplementations, storage mediums 106 can store a flow library,computer-readable instructions corresponding to flows in the flowlibrary, and flow configurations indicating the security configurationsfor various flows. System 102 also includes a flow management system 108that enables flows to be generated, configured, and executed. Storagemediums 106 can also store user profiles and database records such ascustomer relationship management (CRM) records, as described in furtherdetail below.

In some implementations, system 102 is configured to store userprofiles/user accounts associated with users of system 102. Informationmaintained in a user profile of a user can include a user identifiersuch as the user's name, a user email address, and credentials of theuser. For example, credentials of the user can include a username andpassword. The information can include job related information such as ajob title, role, group, department, organization, and/or profile type,as well as associated permissions. For example, user profile permissionsof a sales employee may enable the sales employee to access salessupport services without having access to employee records, as well asread-write access to CRM database records. As another example, userprofile permissions of an administrator may enable the administrator toupdate user profile permissions for new employees and configure flowoperation modes.

Client devices 126, 128, 130 may be in communication with system 102 vianetwork 110. More particularly, client devices 126, 128, 130 maycommunicate with servers 104 via network 110 through platform 112. Forexample, network 110 can be the Internet. In another example, network110 comprises one or more local area networks (LAN) in communicationwith one or more wide area networks (WAN) such as the Internet.

Embodiments described herein are often implemented in a cloud computingenvironment, in which network 110, servers 104, and possible additionalapparatus and systems such as multi-tenant databases may all beconsidered part of the “cloud.” Servers 104 may be associated with anetwork domain, such as www.salesforce.com and may be controlled by adata provider associated with the network domain. In this example,customer user 120 of client computing device 126 may have an account atSalesforce.com®. By logging into this account, the user can accessservices offered to customers. In other instances, customer user 120does not have an account at Salesforce.com®. Employee user 122 may loginto their account via client computing device 128 and access thevarious services provided by servers 104 to employees. For example,employee 122 may be a sales employee that accesses customer accountrecords throughout their day as they interact with customers.Administrator user 124 may similarly log into their account via clientcomputing device 130 to generate flows or configure operation modes forflows. Examples of devices used by users include, but are not limited toa desktop computer or portable electronic device such as a smartphone, atablet, a laptop, a wearable device such as Google Glass®, anotheroptical head-mounted display (OHMD) device, a smart watch, etc.

In some implementations, users 120, 122, 124 of client devices 126, 128,130 can access services via platform 112 or an application installed onclient devices 126, 128, 130. More particularly, client devices 126, 128can log into system 102 via an application programming interface (API)or via a graphical user interface (GUI) using credentials ofcorresponding users 120, 122, 124 respectively.

In some implementations, flow management system 108 enables a flowcomprised of a plurality of elements to be executed according toflow-specific permissions. In addition, an individual flow element cancorrespond to a sub-flow having flow-specific permissions. Specifically,an element may represent a flow that has been independently configuredwith corresponding permissions. Therefore, a single flow may executeaccording to two or more sets of permissions as the various sub-flowsare executed. An example flow management system will be described infurther detail below with reference to FIG. 2.

FIG. 2 shows a system diagram of an example of a flow management system108, in accordance with some implementations. Flow management system 108can include a flow builder 202 that enables a flow to be generated usingexisting flows and other components. For example, an administrator orsoftware developer may access flow builder 202 via computing device 130to generate a flow including a plurality of elements. Flow builder 202can generate a visual representation that represents the flow in theform of a plurality of interconnected nodes that correspond to theelements of the flow. The visual representation of the flow may beprovided for display via computing device 130, enabling the flow to beeasily modified using drag-and-drop operations. An example flow will bedescribed in further detail.

Once generated, a flow may be stored in flow library 204. Each flow maybe identified by a corresponding flow identifier. A flow may be storedin the form of a file that includes a set of computer-readableinstructions. Flows in flow library 204 may be accessed according totheir respective flow permissions. For example, flow permissions canidentify specific groups or user roles within the organization. Flows inflow library 204 may be configured with permissions that limit flowaccess to authorized individuals, as described herein.

Flow configuration engine 206 enables an individual such as anadministrator or software developer to configure flow permissions viacomputing device 130. Permissions may be stored in association with therespective flows in flow library 204 or in a separate location such as afile or database. Once configured, flow engine 208 may manage executionof flows according to flow configurations that include configured flowpermissions. More particularly, a user may request execution of a flowvia computing device 126 or, alternatively, another individual canrequest execution of the flow on behalf of the user.

Flow engine 208 can access the set of flow permissions associated withthe flow and a profile of the user from user profiles 210 to determinewhether the user is authorized to execute the flow. Upon determiningthat the user is authorized to execute the flow, flow engine 208executes the flow.

During execution of the flow, flow engine 208 may executecomputer-readable instructions corresponding to elements of the flow andexecute the computer-readable instructions. In some instances, the orderin which elements of the flow are traversed is determined, at least inpart, on user selections during execution of the flow. For sub-flowsconfigured with permissions, flow engine 208 may execute the sub-flowsaccording to the permissions. In some implementations, permissions ofparent flows are inherited by sub-flows.

Database records such as CRM records 212 may be accessed duringexecution of a flow. Access of a database record can include theperformance of a create, update, read, or delete database operation onthe database record. Access of a database record may result in theupdating of the database record or an independent log file, as describedherein. In some implementations, a database record or log file isupdated to record an identity of the user in association with thecorresponding database operation.

In some implementations, a flow may also be configured with an operationmode. In some instances, the user's permissions configured in their userprofile may not permit the user to access database records that would beexecuted during execution of the flow. If the flow is configured with asystem mode instead of a user mode, flow engine 208 may execute the flowaccording to escalated permissions while ignoring the user'spermissions. In other words, database records such as CRM records 212may be accessed independent of whether the user's permissions enable CRMrecords 212 to be accessed. Therefore, operation in system mode mayresult in escalation of user privileges of a user initiating the flowwhile preserving the identity of the user.

During execution of the flow, the flow can provide data for presentationvia a client device 126 and/or receive data submitted via client device126. For example, data can be submitted and/or presented via clientdevice 126 in relation to a screen element of the flow. In addition,data generated by the flow can be provided for presentation via clientdevice 126 upon completion of execution of the flow.

Flow engine 208 can gather flow performance data associated with theflow during execution of the flow and/or upon completion of execution ofthe flow, as will be described in further detail below. In addition,flow engine 208 can apply the flow performance data to generate orupdate flow metrics associated with the flow across a plurality of usersaccessing the flow 102. Flow metrics or an indication thereof can beprovided for presentation via a display of a client device such asclient device 130 and/or client device 126.

In some implementations flow metrics are generated and provided fordisplay to users who are authorized to view the flow metrics. Flowmetric permissions can be configured in a similar manner to flowconfiguration, as described herein.

FIG. 3A shows a diagram of an example of a process flow 300 that may beexecuted, in accordance with some implementations. As shown in thisexample, a representation of process flow 300 may be presented via aflow builder, enabling software designers and developers to easily builda flow using drag-and-drop operations. In this example, process flow 300represents an onboarding process during which resources are assigned toa new employee. Other examples of process flows include, but are notlimited to, surveys, login flows, training flows, and provisioning flowsthat provision resources to users. During execution of flow 300, recordssuch as resource records pertaining to assignment of physical resourcesor applicant/employee records may be accessed.

Execution of a flow can be managed according to a corresponding flowconfiguration. More particularly, permissions configured in associationwith the flow can be accessed to determine whether a flow can beexecuted by or on behalf of a user. In addition, in someimplementations, where a user's permissions do not permit access torecords, a system mode configuration can override the user's permissionsto enable execution of the flow to be initiated by or on behalf of theuser.

During execution of flow 300, flow permissions and/or otherconfigurations can be accessed for all sub-flows of parent flow 300 toensure the user is permitted to access the corresponding sub-flows. Insome implementations, flow permissions and/or other configurations of aparent flow can be inherited by sub-flows of the parent, enabling a userto access flow 300 even if configurations and/or permissions ofsub-flows do not explicitly provide the user permission to access thesub-flows.

As shown in this example, a user may initiate the process by clicking onStart user interface object 302 via their computing device. The systemaccesses the permissions configured for flow 300 and a user profile ofthe user to determine whether the user can access flow 300. Upondetermining that the user is permitted to access flow 300, the systemproceeds to execute flow elements and any associated sub-flows, as shownin FIG. 3A.

In this example, it is assumed that sub-flows of parent flow 300 inheritthe permissions configured for flow 300. More particularly, sub-flow“Get Records” 304 retrieves an applicant record for the user duringexecution of sub-flow 304, while sub-flow “Create Records” 306 createsan employee record for the user during execution of sub-flow 306.Resources including a laptop, desktop, and/or mobile phone may beassigned to the user by sub-flows 308, 310, 312, respectively.Therefore, database records may be accessed during a flow executed by auser based, at least in part, on permissions associated with the flow.

Screen elements 314-322 each represents a corresponding set ofcomputer-readable instructions configured to provide a “screen” such asa GUI for display via a client device. For example, a screen can berendered via a web page that includes the GUI. Screen elements 314-322may represent sub-flows and/or individual steps within the flow. The GUIcan be configured to obtain user input and/or present output for displayvia the GUI. In some instances, the output includes data obtained fromdatabase records. In other instances, the output may include datagenerated from database records. Screen elements 314-322 may enable auser to access and view data from database records based, at least inpart, on flow permissions and/or other configurations. Therefore, screenelements 314-322 may provide data record access to the user regardlessof whether user permissions configured in a user profile of the userexplicitly enable the user to access the database records (e.g., viaread, write, or read-write permissions).

One or more flow elements such as elements 324-334 may correspond toactions that do not access database records. For these flow elements,corresponding flows/sub-flows may not have associated permissions and/oroperation mode configurations. For example, flow permissions wouldlikely be considered irrelevant to a flow that posts a message to asocial network. In some implementations, flow engine 208 need notdetermine an operation mode or permissions for elements 324-334.

FIG. 3B shows an example of a graphical user interface (GUI) 350 viawhich a process flow may be configured, in accordance with someimplementations. In this example, a process flow may be configured via aFlow Builder that enables an administrator or software developer toconfigure a flow. Specifically, an administrator may select userinterface object 352 to configure a designated flow 354. In someimplementations, selection of user interface object 352 enables theadministrator to configure permissions for a designated flow 354. Inaddition, in some implementations, the administrator may select userinterface object 352 to configure an operation mode for a designatedflow. For example, the administrator may configure the operation mode tobe a system configuration mode

To modify the flow, the administrator may add one or more flow elements354 to the flow. This may be accomplished, for example, by dragging anddropping an element into the flow. Elements can include, but are notlimited to, interaction elements 356, logic elements 358, and/or dataelements 360. Interaction elements 356 can include, but are not limitedto, screen elements, action elements, and/or sub-flow elements. Logicelements 358 can include, but are not limited to, assignment, decision,and/or loop elements. Data elements 360 can include, but are not limitedto, create records, update records, get records, and/or delete records.For example, screen element 372 may be added to the flow by dragging anddropping a screen element from elements 354 into the flow. The flow maybe executed within the context of the Flow Builder by clicking Start374.

In response to selection of user interface object 352, a configurationinterface may be provided for display by a client device. Exampleconfiguration interfaces will be described in further detail below.

In accordance with various implementations, a set of flow permissionscan be configured for a set of flows. To simplify the followingdescription, configuration is illustrated with respect to a single flow.However, these examples are merely illustrative, and a set of flowpermissions may be configured for a set of flows including any number offlows. To configure a set of flow permissions, a user can selectspecific flow(s) to configure, as described in further detail below.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a GUI 400 via which a set of flow permissionsmay be configured for a flow, in accordance with some implementations.In this example, a set of flow permissions associated with a flow,ApexTypeFlow, is configured using a set of user-selectable permissionsoptions. In this example, user-selectable permissions options includeuser-selectable flow permissions 402. Specifically, to configure a setof flow permissions associated with the flow, an administrator canselect one or more of the user-selectable permissions options byselecting one or more flow permissions from user-selectable flowpermissions 402, as shown at 404. The administrator can choose to addthe selected permission(s) to a set of flow permissions 408 associatedwith the flow via interaction with a user interface object 406. Theadded flow permission(s) can be added to the set of flow permissions 408associated with the flow. Similarly, the administrator can choose toremove one or more permissions from set of flow permissions 408 viainteraction with a corresponding user interface object 410. Theadministrator can choose to save set of flow permissions 408 inassociation with the flow by interacting with a corresponding userinterface object 412.

User-selectable flow permissions can identify or correspond to variouspermission setting options such as profile types, user types orcharacteristics, user roles, user groups, departments, organizations(e.g., customers), and/or individual users. For example, a profile typecan identify or otherwise correspond to a role (e.g., job title or otherrole within an organization), a user group, or department within theorganization. In some implementations, an organization can be identifiedas a tenant of a multi-tenant database.

FIG. 5A shows an example of GUI 500 via which a process flow may beconfigured, in accordance with various implementations. In this example,a user can choose to configure a set of flow permissions associated witha flow 502 by selecting a security user interface element 504. GUI 500can identify a user 506 that last modified the set of flow permissionsfor flow 502, as well as a date 508 that the set of flow permissionswere last modified. A flow 502 can be activated or deactivated viainteraction with a corresponding user interface element, as shown at510.

Responsive to selecting a security user interface element 504, a userinterface enabling flow permissions to be configured may be rendered. Anexample of such a user interface will be described below with referenceto FIG. 5B.

FIG. 5B shows an example of a GUI 550 for enabling profile access for aflow, in accordance with some implementations. In this example, a set offlow permissions associated with a flow, ApexTypeFlow, can be configuredusing a set of user-selectable profile types 552. Specifically, toconfigure a set of flow permissions associated with the flow, anadministrator can select a profile type from user-selectable profiletypes 552. The administrator can then choose to add the selected profiletype to a set of flow permissions 556 associated with the flow viainteraction with a user interface object 554. Similarly, theadministrator can choose to remove a profile type from set of flowpermissions 556 via interaction with a corresponding user interfaceobject 558. The administrator can then choose to save set of flowpermissions 556 in association with the flow by interacting with acorresponding user interface object 560.

As discussed above, a profile type can identify or correspond to a usertype or user role within the organization. For example, a profile typecan include a Contract Manager or External Identity user. A user typecan correspond to hardware, software, and/or data of the database systemthat can be accessed by the user or that is currently being accessed bythe user. In addition, a user type can indicate a level of permissionsassociated with access to hardware, software, and/or data of thedatabase system. For example, a user type can correspond to a userhaving “Read Only,” Read, Write, or Read-Write permissions to accessdata such as database records accessed by the flow during runtime. Insome implementations, a profile type can indicate a context in which theuser is permitted to access the database system or flow

In some implementations, user-selectable permissions options can includean option having an associated condition. In other words, the set offlow permissions that is applied may be conditional. Stated another way,the set of flow permissions that is applied during run-time may dependupon whether the condition is satisfied. The condition may be a defaultcondition or may be configured via selection or definition of thecondition via a corresponding GUI.

In some implementations, a flow engine may select the set of flowpermissions or a portion thereof dynamically during run-time from two ormore options based, at least in part, on a condition established via thepermissions configuration. For example, the sets of flow permissions mayinclude a first set of flow permissions if the condition is notsatisfied and include a second set of flow permissions if the conditionis satisfied. In some instances, the set of flow permissions may bedetermined based, at least in part, on a context in which thecorresponding flow is launched.

Metrics can be generated for a flow based upon performance data that iscollected across a plurality of users accessing the flow. These metricscan be provided for presentation via a client device.

FIG. 6A shows a block diagram of an example of a GUI 600 via whichmetrics may be presented within the context of a flow, in accordancewith some implementations. As shown in this example, metrics can bepresented within the context of a Flow Builder. Specifically, metricscan include a plurality of sets of metrics, where each set of metrics isassociated with a different one of a plurality of elements or steps of aflow. Metrics can be presented during or after completion of executionof the flow.

As shown in this example, execution of a flow can be initiated viainteraction by a user with a user interface object 602. For each of flowelements 604-612, a corresponding set of metrics can be presented asshown at 620-628. Each set of metrics or subset thereof 620-628 can bepresented in close proximity to a user interface element representing acorresponding flow element 604-612. By presenting flow metrics withinthe context of the corresponding flow, this enables an administrator tovisualize the impact of hardware or software conditions represented bythe metrics on other steps or sub-flows of the flow.

In this example, flow elements 604-612 are screen elements. Metricspresented in association with a flow element such as a screen elementcan include an average duration of time for which a corresponding GUI isdisplayed or viewed by users accessing the flow before proceeding to thenext step or screen. In addition, metrics can include an average countof the number of times the flow element (e.g. GUI) was accessed (e.g.,navigated to) during execution of the flow by users of the databasesystem.

In this example, a user may interact with user interface element 630 toview metrics within the context of the Flow Builder. If the user nolonger wishes to view the metrics, the user may interact again with userinterface element 630. Thus, by toggling user interface element 630,metrics may be displayed or cleared from GUI 600.

In some implementations, a report is generated for one or more flows.The report can include metrics generated in association with a flowand/or performance data collected in association with the flow.

FIG. 6B shows an example of a GUI 650 including a report presentingmetrics generated for a flow, in accordance with some implementations.As shown in this example, to access or generate a report, a user canselect a Reports option by interacting with a user interface object suchas tab or button, as shown at 652. A report 654 can include a log reportthat represents flow performance data that has been collected for a flowand stored in a log file.

In this example, report 654 represents a log report that includesinformation collected during execution of a flow, LoopCollectionFlow,and maintained in a corresponding log file. As shown in FIG. 6B, report654 includes a plurality of entries. Each of the entries can correspondto an entry in the log file. For each instance that the flow isaccessed, one or more entries may be generated.

Report 654 can include a flow identifier 658. Report 654 can alsoindicate a version number 660 associated with the flow. Report 654 canindicate a duration 662, which can correspond to execution of the entireflow, a specific step of the flow as represented by an element of theflow, or a sub-flow represented by an element of the flow. Report 654can further indicate a log entry type 664 indicating a correspondingelement of the flow or user interaction with the flow, which can triggergeneration of a log file entry. For example, log entry type 664 canindicate that the user started the flow, paused the flow, or advanced tothe next screen. In addition, report 654 can further indicate a starttimestamp 668 and an end timestamp 670. A status 672 can indicate astatus of the flow. Status 672 can correspond to end timestamp 670.

Information maintained in a report such as that shown in FIG. 6B caninclude flow performance data and/or can be used to generate flowperformance data associated with each instance the flow is accessed. Theflow performance data for individual flows can be used to generate orupdate flow metrics that reflect flow performance across a plurality ofusers.

A report that is generated can include metrics calculated for multipleflows based upon access to those flows by users of the database system.In some implementations, a report presents metrics via one or moregraphical representations. For example, a report can include a piechart, bar chart, or graph.

FIG. 6C shows an example of a GUI 680 including examples of graphicalrepresentations of metrics generated for corresponding flows, inaccordance with some implementations. More particularly, bar chart 682shows, for each flow, a total number of times that the flow wascompleted within a period of time (e.g., 30 days). Bar chart 684 shows,for each flow, an average completion time for all instances that theflow was completed within a period of time. Bar chart 686 shows, foreach flow, a total number of errors that occurred during execution ofthe flow within a period of time (e.g., 30 days). Bar chart 688 shows,for each flow, a total number of started automations by process type orflow type.

The reports and graphical representations described above are merelyillustrative. Therefore, other types of reports and representations maybe implemented for presentation of metrics associated with processflows.

FIG. 7A shows an example of a method 700 for facilitating configurationfor granular process flow control, in accordance with someimplementations. A GUI is provided at 702 via a first computing systemincluding one or more servers for presentation via a client device,where the GUI indicates a set of user-selectable permissions options forconfiguring flow permissions. The first computing system obtains anindication of user selection of one or more of the set ofuser-selectable permissions options from the client device at 704, wherethe selected options indicate a configuration of a set of flowpermissions associated with a set of flows. Each flow can include aplurality of elements, where each of the elements corresponds to a setof computer-readable instructions. The first computing system may savethe set of flow permissions in association with the set of flows.

The first computing system generates or updates a package including aflow permission metadata indicating the set of flow permissionsassociated with the set of flows at 706. In some implementations, apackage can include a container or data structure that can bedistributed to systems, organizations, users, and/or client devices. Forexample, a package can include one or more data structures, directories,folders, files, and/or web addresses (e.g., URLS). In someimplementations, the package is generated or updated to include the setof flows or an identification thereof. For example, the package caninclude a flow name of a flow in the set of flows, a flow label, a webaddress associated with the flow and/or computer-readable instructionsassociated with the flow that enables the flow to be executed.

The first computing system can store the package at 708. The package caninclude flow metadata including the flow permission metadata. Forexample, the package can include an Extensible Markup Language (XML)file that stores the flow metadata. In some instances, the package canalso include flow(s), as described herein.

The package can be generated or updated automatically by the firstcomputing system. For example, the first computing system can generateor update the package responsive to obtaining the indication of theselection of permissions options. Alternatively, the package can begenerated or updated responsive to a manual command received from theclient device.

The package can be applied by the first computing system to implementgranular process flow control. In addition or alternatively to applyingthe package within the first computing system, the first computingsystem can transmit the package to at least one server of a secondcomputing system at 710. The second computing system can apply the setof flow permissions to implement granular process control, as describedin further detail below with reference to FIG. 7B. In addition, thesecond computing system can enable the set of flow permissionsassociated with the set of flows to be modified, as described herein.

By distributing the package to other servers or server clusters, thisenables flow-specific permissions to be distributed and deployed. Thiscan be particularly advantageous where flow permissions are configuredand deployed within an organization or among organizations. For example,by distributing the package to customer organizations, software servicescan be customized and distributed with associated granular flowpermissions.

In some instances, it may be desirable to use flow permissions todisable a particular flow or set of flows. For example, a flow may havean associated security concern or be inoperable.

Once generated or updated, a package indicating a set of flowpermissions can be applied to facilitate granular process control. FIG.7B shows an example of a method 720 for facilitating granular processflow control, in accordance with some implementations. The systemobtains a package at 722, where the package includes flow permissionmetadata indicating a set of flow permissions and associates the set offlow permissions with a set of one or more flows. The set of flowpermissions can indicate one or more of: one or more profile typespermitted to access the flows, one or more user types permitted toaccess the flows, one or more user roles permitted to access the flows,one or more organizations permitted to access the flows, one or moreorganizational user groups permitted to access the flows, one or moreorganizational departments permitted to access the flows, or one or morespecific users permitted to access the flows. As described above, thepackage can be obtained via generation of the package or receipt of thepackage upon transmission from another system. Where the package isobtained upon transmission from another system, the package can beprocessed and the flow permission metadata and any associated flows canbe stored. For example, the flow permission metadata and any flow filescan be downloaded, as appropriate.

In some implementations, the flow permission metadata can be generatedby the system or updated after receipt from another system. For example,the flow permission metadata may be configurable by an individual in anadministrative capacity. Specifically, the system can provide, forpresentation via a display, a plurality of user-selectable permissionoptions and responsive to processing an indication of a selection of oneor more of the user-selectable permission options, generate or updatethe flow permission metadata, as described herein. The flow permissionmetadata can be updated by updating the set of flows of the flowpermission metadata (e.g., by adding or removing a particular flow fromthe set of flows) or updating the set of flow permissions of the flowpermission metadata (e.g., by adding a flow permission to the set offlow permissions or removing a flow permission from the set of flowpermissions).

In some implementations, the package also includes computer-readableinstructions associated with the set of flows. Upon processing of thepackage, the computer-readable instructions associated with the set offlows can be obtained and stored for subsequent retrieval or access.

A user may submit a request to initiate execution of a flow or anotherindividual may submit the request on behalf of the user. For example,the user may click on or select “Start” for the flow. Alternatively, theflow may be initiated responsive to a specific trigger or event. Atrigger may be generated according to a schedule, user action, or systemevent.

A request to execute a flow of the set of flows, received via a clientdevice, is processed at 724. The request can include or otherwiseindicate an identity of the user and an identity of the flow. The flowcan include a plurality of elements, where each of the elementscorresponds to a set of computer-readable instructions.

A flow engine may determine the set of flow permissions assigned to theflow (e.g., using the flow permission metadata of the package) andexecute the set(s) of computer-readable instructions corresponding tothe flow according to the set of flow permissions, as described below.Specifically, responsive to processing the request to execute the flow,the flow engine may determine whether the user is permitted to executeor otherwise access the flow based, at least in part, on the set of flowpermissions associated with the flow. Specifically, the flow permissionmetadata associated with the set of flows can be accessed at 726 and adetermination can made as to whether the user has permission to executethe flow based upon the set of flow permissions of the flow permissionmetadata at 728. If the user does not have permission to execute theflow, the process ends at 730.

In this example, the system determines that the user is permitted toexecute the flow at 732 based, at least in part, on the set of flowpermissions. In some implementations, the system may determine that theuser is permitted to execute the flow further based, at least in part,on a user profile of the user. For example, the user profile canindicate one or more of: a particular profile type of the user, aparticular user type of the user, a particular user role of the user, aparticular user group of which the user is a member, a particularorganization of which the user is a member, a particular organizationaldepartment that includes the user, or an identity of the user.Responsive to determining that the user is permitted to execute theflow, the system initiates execution of the flow at 734.

During execution of the flow, user input may be submitted via a GUIcorresponding to a screen element of the flow. An operation on adatabase record may be performed using the input. More particularly, adatabase record may be created, updated, or deleted based, at least inpart, on the user input. Alternatively, data may be retrieved from adatabase record and rendered via a GUI for display by the client device.For example, the data may correspond to an Account, Contact, or Case.

In some implementations, an autofill or prepopulate function may prefilla field of a web page or form rendered via a screen element with dataretrieved from a database record. This may be useful, for example, insituations where the data includes the user's personal data, brands ofsmart phones or laptops available for assignment to the user, oruser-selectable options that may be selected by the user during aprocess such as an onboarding process.

In addition, a flow element can correspond to a sub-flow. A sub-flow canbe processed as an individual flow, as described herein. Alternatively,it may be assumed that a sub-flow inherits the permissions associatedwith a parent flow.

FIG. 7C shows an example of a method 740 for presenting flow metricswithin a process flow builder, in accordance with some implementations.In some implementations, a user accesses a process flow builderapplication configured to render a GUI that enables process flows to beselected, generated, viewed, and modified interactively, as detailedbelow. From within the process flow builder application, the user canselect a flow that the user wishes to view from a plurality ofuser-selectable flows. Alternatively, the user may enter the name of theflow to access the flow.

The system can provide, for presentation via a display device, agraphical representation of the flow selected by the user at 742. Forexample, the graphical representation of the flow can be presentedwithin the GUI rendered by the process flow builder. In someimplementations, the graphical representation of the flow is providedresponsive to processing a request, received via an applicationprogramming interface (API), from a client device. For example, therequest can be transmitted in response to the user selection of theflow. As described above, a flow can include a plurality of elements,where each of the elements corresponds to a set of computer-readableinstructions. Thus, the graphical representation of the flow can includevisual representations of elements of the flow. Within the flow builder,the user may view flow metrics that are pertinent to elements of theflow. For example, the user may choose to enable flow metrics byinteracting with a corresponding user interface element of the GUI. Insome implementations, the user interface element operates as a toggleswitch that renders flow metrics when in a first state and does notrender flow metrics in a second state.

Flow metrics can be generated prior to access of the flow builder by theuser or after the flow builder has been accessed. For example, flowmetrics can be generated after the flow has been selected, the graphicalrepresentation of the flow has been provided, or responsive to theenabling of the metric presentation feature. As another example, flowmetrics can be generated on-the-fly responsive to interaction by theuser with the graphical representation of the flow or associated userinterface element(s). During execution of the flow by a flow engine,flow performance data can be generated and stored. For example, eventdata associated with a plurality of events occurring during execution ofthe flow can be collected and stored in a database. The flow performancedata can include or be derived from the event data. Event data canidentify events occurring during execution of the flow. Example eventsinclude, but are not limited to, Started, Continued, Stopped, Error,Pause, Resume, Next, and Back. In addition, event data can include atime stamp indicating a time at which each step of the flow wasexecuted, as well as an indication of a time of duration of step(s) ofthe flow. The event data can also include an identifier of a user thatexecuted the flow.

While flow performance data is associated with a single instance of theflow, metrics associated with the flow are derived based upon flowperformance data across multiple instances of execution of the flow. Inother words, the set of metrics represents execution of the flow acrossa plurality of users of the database system.

Flow performance data associated with the flow can be obtained at 744.Specifically, flow performance data can be obtained for one or moreinstances of execution of the flow. For example, one or more paths ofthe flow that have been traversed can be ascertained, where each of thepaths corresponds to one or more of the elements of the flow. Flowperformance data can be stored in a log file and/or generated using dataretrieved from the log file. For example, a length of time that expiredduring execution of the flow can be calculated based upon start and endtimestamps corresponding to a start and completion of execution of theflow. As another example, an amount of time a user viewed a screenassociated one of the elements of the flow can be calculated based uponstart and end timestamps representing a start time that the screen wasdisplayed and an end time at which the screen is no longer displayed.For example, the end time can reflect a time that a next step or screenwas selected by the user or a time that a next screen was displayed.

Flow performance data can include data that is collected or generatedduring execution of the flow and/or upon completion of execution of theflow. For example, flow performance data can include start and endtimestamps, duration of execution, an amount of time spent by a user ona particular GUI (e.g., screen), number of times a user navigated to aparticular GUI associated with one of the elements of the flow, a numberof errors that have occurred during execution of the flow,identification of path(s) selected during execution of the flow, and/ortime that elapsed during traversal of individual paths. For example,path(s) of the flow that have been traversed can be tracked andidentities of the paths can be recorded in a log file, where each of thepaths corresponds to one or more of the elements of the flow.

A set of metrics associated with the flow can be generated or updatedbased, at least in part, on the flow performance data at 746. Forexample, the set of metrics can be generated or updated using flowperformance data associated with multiple instances of execution of theflow. The set of metrics can indicate, for each of the one or more pathsof the flow, one or more metrics collected across a plurality of usersof the database system that accessed the flow, where each of the pathsof the flow corresponds to a subset of the plurality of elements of theflow. For example, the set of metrics can indicate, for each of aplurality of paths of the flow, a frequency with which the correspondingpath is traversed across a plurality of users of the database system.Other examples of metrics include, but are not limited to, an averageduration of execution of the flow, an average time during for which aparticular screen is displayed (e.g., an average time that users spentviewing the screen), an average number of errors that have occurredduring execution of the flow, identification of path(s) selected duringexecution of the flow, most commonly selected paths selected duringexecution of the flow, and/or an average time that elapsed duringtraversal of individual paths.

The set of metrics can be generated, updated, or otherwise obtained, atleast in part, responsive to processing a request, received via anapplication programming interface (API), from a client device. Forexample, the request can be transmitted responsive to a user selectingthe flow via the flow builder application. As another example, therequest can be transmitted responsive to the user selecting the “toggleswitch” to render the metrics in relation to the selected flow.

To obtain the set of metrics, the API can query the database for flowperformance data and/or previously generated metrics. In someimplementations, the set of metrics is generated in real-time duringexecution of the flow builder.

An indication of the set of metrics associated with the flow can beprovided for presentation via a display at 748. More particularly, theset of metrics or a portion thereof may be provided via a GUI thatincludes representations of the flow elements. For example, anindication of the set of metrics or portion thereof can be presented viaat least one graphical user interface element presented within thecontext of the flow, where the indication is provided in proximity to arepresentation of at least one of the elements of the flow. Anindividual element of the flow can be represented by a node within therepresentation, while the transition between elements of the flow can berepresented by a line within the representation. In someimplementations, an indication of the set of metrics associated with theflow is provided in relation to one or more elements of the flow suchthat at least a first portion of the set of metrics is provided forpresentation in close proximity to a visual representation of a firstone of the elements of the flow and a second portion of the set ofmetrics is provided for presentation in close proximity to a visualrepresentation of a second one of the elements of the flow.

In addition, the set of metrics or a portion thereof may be provided forpresentation via a report. In some implementations, a report can beaccessed via a web page and rendered via a display of a client device.

The set of metrics can be used for troubleshooting. For example, asystem administrator can use the set of metrics to identify bugs incomputer-readable code associated with flows or problematic hardware, aswell as delays or inefficiencies that may be perceived by users whileaccessing the flows. By identifying anomalies or inefficiencies thatoccur during execution of flows, administrators can more readilyidentify sources of these issues. As a result, metrics enableadministrators to identify and correct issues related to performance ofhardware or software. Administrators can replace or update problematichardware or software or, alternatively, make recommendations for thesechanges. For example, administrators can address issues identified inflows by updating computer-readable code associated with flows. In someinstances, flows can be updated via addition of a new flow element,revision of a flow element, or removal of a flow element. Therefore,metrics that are generated can be applied to improve system performance,as well as the experience of users accessing the system.

In accordance with various implementations, upon identification ofperformance issues based upon the metrics presented via the flowbuilder, the user may choose to modify the flow using, for example, adrag-and-drop operation. For example, the user may choose to remove anelement of the flow, add an additional element to the flow, or change aposition of one of the elements of the flow. The system can process arequest to modify the flow at 750, where the request is received inrelation to the graphical representation of the flow. More particularly,the request to modify the flow can include an indication of anadditional element to add to the flow at a particular position withinthe flow, an indication of removal of one of the elements of the flow,or an indication of a change in position of one of the elements of theflow from an existing position within the flow to a modified positionwithin the flow.

The system can modify the graphical representation of the flowresponsive to processing the request to modify the flow at 752. Inaddition, the system can store a modified flow that reflects themodified graphical representation of the flow. For example, the systemcan store the modified flow responsive to the user selecting a “Save”option (e.g., by interacting with a corresponding user interface elementof the GUI).

FIG. 7D shows an example of a method 760 for executing a process flow,in accordance with some implementations. A request to execute a flow isprocessed at 762. Responsive to processing the request to execute theflow, a flow engine may determine whether the user is permitted toexecute or otherwise access the flow based, at least in part, on a setof flow permissions associated with the flow at 764. For example, theset of flow permissions can indicate one or more profile types permittedto access the flow, one or more user types permitted to access the flow,one or more user roles or job titles permitted to access the flow, oneor more user groups or departments permitted to access the flow, and/orone or more user identifiers of user(s) permitted to access the flow.

In some implementations, the determination is made based, at least inpart, on information maintained in a user profile associated with theuser. The user profile can include a user identifier such as a name oralpha-numerical identifier. In addition, the user profile can includeinformation indicating, for example, a profile type, a user type, anorganizational group, an organizational department, a job title, and/ora role. If it is determined at 766 that the user does not havepermission to execute or access the flow, the process ends at 768.

In some implementations, permissions associated with the flow areapplied such that they override user permissions configured in a userprofile of the user. For example, if the user permissions do notexplicitly enable the user to access the flow or the user permissionsprohibit the user from running the flow, the user permissions can beoverridden to enable the flow to be executed in response to the request.As another example, if the user permissions permit the user to run theflow but the permissions associated with the flow do not permit the userto run the flow, the user permissions may be ignored by the system toprevent the user from accessing the flow.

Upon determining at 766 that the user is permitted to execute/access theflow, execution of the flow is initiated at 770. During execution of theflow, flow performance data associated with the flow is obtained at 772.A set of metrics associated with the flow is updated based, at least inpart, on the flow performance data at 774. An indication of the set ofmetrics associated with the flow can be provided for presentation via adisplay at 776, as described above with reference to FIG. 7C.

In the above-described examples, it is assumed that a set of permissionsassociated with a flow is applied to sub-flows of the flow. Moreparticularly, a child flow may inherit the permissions of a parent flow.In some implementations, inheritance may be applied where the child flowhas not been configured with its own set of permissions. In otherimplementations, inheritance may be applied when specific condition(s)are met.

In other implementations, inheritance is not applied to flowpermissions. Since each flow may be configured with a corresponding setof permissions, the main flow may be initiated according to a first setof permissions while a sub-flow may be executed according to a secondset of permissions different from the first level of permissions. Insome implementations, a flow that has not been configured with a set ofpermissions may be executed according to a default set of permissions.

Some but not all of the techniques described or referenced herein areimplemented using or in conjunction with a social networking system.Social networking systems have become a popular way to facilitatecommunication among people, any of whom can be recognized as users of asocial networking system. One example of a social networking system isChatter®, provided by salesforce.com, inc. of San Francisco, Calif.salesforce.com, inc. is a provider of social networking services, CRMservices and other database management services, any of which can beaccessed and used in conjunction with the techniques disclosed herein insome implementations. In some but not all implementations, these variousservices can be provided in a cloud computing environment, for example,in the context of a multi-tenant database system. Thus, the disclosedtechniques can be implemented without having to install softwarelocally, that is, on computing devices of users interacting withservices available through the cloud. While the disclosedimplementations are often described with reference to Chatter®, thoseskilled in the art should understand that the disclosed techniques areneither limited to Chatter® nor to any other services and systemsprovided by salesforce.com, inc. and can be implemented in the contextof various other database systems and/or social networking systems suchas Facebook®, LinkedIn®, Twitter®, Google+®, Yammer® and Jive® by way ofexample only.

Some social networking systems can be implemented in various settings,including organizations. For instance, a social networking system can beimplemented to connect users within an enterprise such as a company orbusiness partnership, or a group of users within such an organization.For instance, Chatter® can be used by employee users in a division of abusiness organization to share data, communicate, and collaborate witheach other for various social purposes often involving the business ofthe organization. In the example of a multi-tenant database system, eachorganization or group within the organization can be a respective tenantof the system, as described in greater detail below.

In some social networking systems, users can access one or more socialnetwork feeds, which include information updates presented as items orentries in the feed. Such a feed item can include a single informationupdate or a collection of individual information updates. A feed itemcan include various types of data including character-based data, audiodata, image data and/or video data. A social network feed can bedisplayed in a graphical user interface (GUI) on a display device suchas the display of a computing device as described below. The informationupdates can include various social network data from various sources andcan be stored in a database system. In some but not all implementations,the disclosed methods, apparatus, systems, and computer program productsmay be configured or designed for use in a multi-tenant databaseenvironment.

In some implementations, a social networking system may allow a user tofollow data objects in the form of CRM records such as cases, accounts,or opportunities, in addition to following individual users and groupsof users. The “following” of a record stored in a database, as describedin greater detail below, allows a user to track the progress of thatrecord when the user is subscribed to the record. Updates to the record,also referred to herein as changes to the record, are one type ofinformation update that can occur and be noted on a social network feedsuch as a record feed or a news feed of a user subscribed to the record.Examples of record updates include field changes in the record, updatesto the status of a record, as well as the creation of the record itself.Some records are publicly accessible, such that any user can follow therecord, while other records are private, for which appropriate securityclearance/permissions are a prerequisite to a user following the record.

Information updates can include various types of updates, which may ormay not be linked with a particular record. For example, informationupdates can be social media messages submitted by a user or can beotherwise generated in response to user actions or in response toevents. Examples of social media messages include: posts, comments,indications of a user's personal preferences such as “likes” and“dislikes”, updates to a user's status, uploaded files, anduser-submitted hyperlinks to social network data or other network datasuch as various documents and/or web pages on the Internet. Posts caninclude alpha-numeric or other character-based user inputs such aswords, phrases, statements, questions, emotional expressions, and/orsymbols. Comments generally refer to responses to posts or to otherinformation updates, such as words, phrases, statements, answers,questions, and reactionary emotional expressions and/or symbols.Multimedia data can be included in, linked with, or attached to a postor comment. For example, a post can include textual statements incombination with a JPEG image or animated image. A like or dislike canbe submitted in response to a particular post or comment. Examples ofuploaded files include presentations, documents, multimedia files, andthe like.

Users can follow a record by subscribing to the record, as mentionedabove. Users can also follow other entities such as other types of dataobjects, other users, and groups of users. Feed tracked updatesregarding such entities are one type of information update that can bereceived and included in the user's news feed. Any number of users canfollow a particular entity and thus view information updates pertainingto that entity on the users' respective news feeds. In some socialnetworks, users may follow each other by establishing connections witheach other, sometimes referred to as “friending” one another. Byestablishing such a connection, one user may be able to see informationgenerated by, generated about, or otherwise associated with anotheruser. For instance, a first user may be able to see information postedby a second user to the second user's personal social network page. Oneimplementation of such a personal social network page is a user'sprofile page, for example, in the form of a web page representing theuser's profile. In one example, when the first user is following thesecond user, the first user's news feed can receive a post from thesecond user submitted to the second user's profile feed. A user'sprofile feed is also referred to herein as the user's “wall,” which isone example of a social network feed displayed on the user's profilepage.

In some implementations, a social network feed may be specific to agroup of users of a social networking system. For instance, a group ofusers may publish a feed. Members of the group may view and post to thisgroup feed in accordance with a permissions configuration for the feedand the group. Information updates in a group context can also includechanges to group status information.

In some implementations, when data such as posts or comments input fromone or more users are submitted to a social network feed for aparticular user, group, object, or other construct within a socialnetworking system, an email notification or other type of networkcommunication may be transmitted to all users following the user, group,or object in addition to the inclusion of the data as a feed item in oneor more feeds, such as a user's profile feed, a news feed, or a recordfeed. In some social networking systems, the occurrence of such anotification is limited to the first instance of a published input,which may form part of a larger conversation. For instance, anotification may be transmitted for an initial post, but not forcomments on the post. In some other implementations, a separatenotification is transmitted for each such information update.

The term “multi-tenant database system” generally refers to thosesystems in which various elements of hardware and/or software of adatabase system may be shared by one or more customers. For example, agiven application server may simultaneously process requests for a greatnumber of customers, and a given database table may store rows of datasuch as feed items for a potentially much greater number of customers.

An example of a “user profile” or “user's profile” is a database objector set of objects configured to store and maintain data about a givenuser of a social networking system and/or database system. The data caninclude general information, such as name, title, phone number, a photo,a biographical summary, and a status, e.g., text describing what theuser is currently doing. As mentioned below, the data can include socialmedia messages created by other users. Where there are multiple tenants,a user is typically associated with a particular tenant. For example, auser could be a salesperson of a company, which is a tenant of thedatabase system that provides a database service.

The term “record” generally refers to a data entity having fields withvalues and stored in database system. An example of a record is aninstance of a data object created by a user of the database service, forexample, in the form of a CRM record about a particular (actual orpotential) business relationship or project. The record can have a datastructure defined by the database service (a standard object) or definedby a user (custom object). For example, a record can be for a businesspartner or potential business partner (e.g., a client, vendor,distributor, etc.) of the user, and can include information describingan entire company, subsidiaries, or contacts at the company. As anotherexample, a record can be a project that the user is working on, such asan opportunity (e.g., a possible sale) with an existing partner, or aproject that the user is trying to get. In one implementation of amulti-tenant database system, each record for the tenants has a uniqueidentifier stored in a common table. A record has data fields that aredefined by the structure of the object (e.g., fields of certain datatypes and purposes). A record can also have custom fields defined by auser. A field can be another record or include links thereto, therebyproviding a parent-child relationship between the records.

The terms “social network feed” and “feed” are used interchangeablyherein and generally refer to a combination (e.g., a list) of feed itemsor entries with various types of information and data. Such feed itemscan be stored and maintained in one or more database tables, e.g., asrows in the table(s), that can be accessed to retrieve relevantinformation to be presented as part of a displayed feed. The term “feeditem” (or feed element) generally refers to an item of information,which can be presented in the feed such as a post submitted by a user.Feed items of information about a user can be presented in a user'sprofile feed of the database, while feed items of information about arecord can be presented in a record feed in the database, by way ofexample. A profile feed and a record feed are examples of differenttypes of social network feeds. A second user following a first user anda record can receive the feed items associated with the first user andthe record for display in the second user's news feed, which is anothertype of social network feed. In some implementations, the feed itemsfrom any number of followed users and records can be combined into asingle social network feed of a particular user.

As examples, a feed item can be a social media message, such as auser-generated post of text data, and a feed tracked update to a recordor profile, such as a change to a field of the record. Feed trackedupdates are described in greater detail below. A feed can be acombination of social media messages and feed tracked updates. Socialmedia messages include text created by a user, and may include otherdata as well. Examples of social media messages include posts, userstatus updates, and comments. Social media messages can be created for auser's profile or for a record. Posts can be created by various users,potentially any user, although some restrictions can be applied. As anexample, posts can be made to a wall section of a user's profile page(which can include a number of recent posts) or a section of a recordthat includes multiple posts. The posts can be organized inchronological order when displayed in a GUI, for instance, on the user'sprofile page, as part of the user's profile feed. In contrast to a post,a user status update changes a status of a user and can be made by thatuser or an administrator. A record can also have a status, the update ofwhich can be provided by an owner of the record or other users havingsuitable write access permissions to the record. The owner can be asingle user, multiple users, or a group.

In some implementations, a comment can be made on any feed item. In someimplementations, comments are organized as a list explicitly tied to aparticular feed tracked update, post, or status update. In someimplementations, comments may not be listed in the first layer (in ahierarchal sense) of feed items, but listed as a second layer branchingfrom a particular first layer feed item.

A “feed tracked update,” also referred to herein as a “feed update,” isone type of information update and generally refers to data representingan event. A feed tracked update can include text generated by thedatabase system in response to the event, to be provided as one or morefeed items for possible inclusion in one or more feeds. In oneimplementation, the data can initially be stored, and then the databasesystem can later use the data to create text for describing the event.Both the data and/or the text can be a feed tracked update, as usedherein. In various implementations, an event can be an update of arecord and/or can be triggered by a specific action by a user. Whichactions trigger an event can be configurable. Which events have feedtracked updates created and which feed updates are sent to which userscan also be configurable. Social media messages and other types of feedupdates can be stored as a field or child object of the record. Forexample, the feed can be stored as a child object of the record.

A “group” is generally a collection of users. In some implementations,the group may be defined as users with a same or similar attribute, orby membership. In some implementations, a “group feed”, also referred toherein as a “group news feed”, includes one or more feed items about anyuser in the group. In some implementations, the group feed also includesinformation updates and other feed items that are about the group as awhole, the group's purpose, the group's description, and group recordsand other objects stored in association with the group. Threads ofinformation updates including group record updates and social mediamessages, such as posts, comments, likes, etc., can define groupconversations and change over time.

An “entity feed” or “record feed” generally refers to a feed of feeditems about a particular record in the database. Such feed items caninclude feed tracked updates about changes to the record and posts madeby users about the record. An entity feed can be composed of any type offeed item. Such a feed can be displayed on a page such as a web pageassociated with the record, e.g., a home page of the record. As usedherein, a “profile feed” or “user's profile feed” generally refers to afeed of feed items about a particular user. In one example, the feeditems for a profile feed include posts and comments that other usersmake about or send to the particular user, and status updates made bythe particular user. Such a profile feed can be displayed on a pageassociated with the particular user. In another example, feed items in aprofile feed could include posts made by the particular user and feedtracked updates initiated based on actions of the particular user.

Some non-limiting examples of systems, apparatus, and methods aredescribed below for implementing database systems and enterprise levelsocial networking systems in conjunction with the disclosed techniques.Such implementations can provide more efficient use of a databasesystem. For instance, a user of a database system may not easily knowwhen important information in the database has changed, e.g., about aproject or client. Such implementations can provide feed tracked updatesabout such changes and other events, thereby keeping users informed.

FIG. 8A shows a block diagram of an example of an environment 10 inwhich an on-demand database service exists and can be used in accordancewith some implementations. Environment 10 may include user systems 12,network 14, database system 16, processor system 17, applicationplatform 18, network interface 20, tenant data storage 22, system datastorage 24, program code 26, and process space 28. In otherimplementations, environment 10 may not have all of these componentsand/or may have other components instead of, or in addition to, thoselisted above.

A user system 12 may be implemented as any computing device(s) or otherdata processing apparatus such as a machine or system used by a user toaccess a database system 16. For example, any of user systems 12 can bea handheld and/or portable computing device such as a mobile phone, asmartphone, a laptop computer, or a tablet. Other examples of a usersystem include computing devices such as a work station and/or a networkof computing devices. As illustrated in FIG. 8A (and in more detail inFIG. 8B) user systems 12 might interact via a network 14 with anon-demand database service, which is implemented in the example of FIG.8A as database system 16.

An on-demand database service, implemented using system 16 by way ofexample, is a service that is made available to users who do not need tonecessarily be concerned with building and/or maintaining the databasesystem. Instead, the database system may be available for their use whenthe users need the database system, i.e., on the demand of the users.Some on-demand database services may store information from one or moretenants into tables of a common database image to form a multi-tenantdatabase system (MTS). A database image may include one or more databaseobjects. A relational database management system (RDBMS) or theequivalent may execute storage and retrieval of information against thedatabase object(s). Application platform 18 may be a framework thatallows the applications of system 16 to run, such as the hardware and/orsoftware, e.g., the operating system. In some implementations,application platform 18 enables creation, managing and executing one ormore applications developed by the provider of the on-demand databaseservice, users accessing the on-demand database service via user systems12, or third party application developers accessing the on-demanddatabase service via user systems 12.

The users of user systems 12 may differ in their respective capacities,and the capacity of a particular user system 12 might be entirelydetermined by permissions (permission levels) for the current user. Forexample, when a salesperson is using a particular user system 12 tointeract with system 16, the user system has the capacities allotted tothat salesperson. However, while an administrator is using that usersystem to interact with system 16, that user system has the capacitiesallotted to that administrator. In systems with a hierarchical rolemodel, users at one permission level may have access to applications,data, and database information accessible by a lower permission leveluser, but may not have access to certain applications, databaseinformation, and data accessible by a user at a higher permission level.Thus, different users will have different capabilities with regard toaccessing and modifying application and database information, dependingon a user's security or permission level, also called authorization.

Network 14 is any network or combination of networks of devices thatcommunicate with one another. For example, network 14 can be any one orany combination of a LAN (local area network), WAN (wide area network),telephone network, wireless network, point-to-point network, starnetwork, token ring network, hub network, or other appropriateconfiguration. Network 14 can include a TCP/IP (Transfer ControlProtocol and Internet Protocol) network, such as the global internetworkof networks often referred to as the Internet. The Internet will be usedin many of the examples herein. However, it should be understood thatthe networks that the present implementations might use are not solimited.

User systems 12 might communicate with system 16 using TCP/IP and, at ahigher network level, use other common Internet protocols tocommunicate, such as HTTP, FTP, AFS, WAP, etc. In an example where HTTPis used, user system 12 might include an HTTP client commonly referredto as a “browser” for sending and receiving HTTP signals to and from anHTTP server at system 16. Such an HTTP server might be implemented asthe sole network interface 20 between system 16 and network 14, butother techniques might be used as well or instead. In someimplementations, the network interface 20 between system 16 and network14 includes load sharing functionality, such as round-robin HTTP requestdistributors to balance loads and distribute incoming HTTP requestsevenly over a plurality of servers. At least for users accessing system16, each of the plurality of servers has access to the MTS' data;however, other alternative configurations may be used instead.

In one implementation, system 16, shown in FIG. 8A, implements aweb-based CRM system. For example, in one implementation, system 16includes application servers configured to implement and execute CRMsoftware applications as well as provide related data, code, forms, webpages and other information to and from user systems 12 and to store to,and retrieve from, a database system related data, objects, and Webpagecontent. With a multi-tenant system, data for multiple tenants may bestored in the same physical database object in tenant data storage 22,however, tenant data typically is arranged in the storage medium(s) oftenant data storage 22 so that data of one tenant is kept logicallyseparate from that of other tenants so that one tenant does not haveaccess to another tenant's data, unless such data is expressly shared.In certain implementations, system 16 implements applications otherthan, or in addition to, a CRM application. For example, system 16 mayprovide tenant access to multiple hosted (standard and custom)applications, including a CRM application. User (or third partydeveloper) applications, which may or may not include CRM, may besupported by the application platform 18, which manages creation,storage of the applications into one or more database objects andexecuting of the applications in a virtual machine in the process spaceof the system 16.

One arrangement for elements of system 16 is shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B,including a network interface 20, application platform 18, tenant datastorage 22 for tenant data 23, system data storage 24 for system data 25accessible to system 16 and possibly multiple tenants, program code 26for implementing various functions of system 16, and a process space 28for executing MTS system processes and tenant-specific processes, suchas running applications as part of an application hosting service.Additional processes that may execute on system 16 include databaseindexing processes.

Several elements in the system shown in FIG. 8A include conventional,well-known elements that are explained only briefly here. For example,each user system 12 could include a desktop personal computer,workstation, laptop, PDA, cell phone, or any wireless access protocol(WAP) enabled device or any other computing device capable ofinterfacing directly or indirectly to the Internet or other networkconnection. The term “computing device” is also referred to hereinsimply as a “computer”. User system 12 typically runs an HTTP client,e.g., a browsing program, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser,Netscape's Navigator browser, Opera's browser, or a WAP-enabled browserin the case of a cell phone, PDA or other wireless device, or the like,allowing a user (e.g., subscriber of the multi-tenant database system)of user system 12 to access, process and view information, pages andapplications available to it from system 16 over network 14. Each usersystem 12 also typically includes one or more user input devices, suchas a keyboard, a mouse, trackball, touch pad, touch screen, pen or thelike, for interacting with a GUI provided by the browser on a display(e.g., a monitor screen, LCD display, OLED display, etc.) of thecomputing device in conjunction with pages, forms, applications andother information provided by system 16 or other systems or servers.Thus, “display device” as used herein can refer to a display of acomputer system such as a monitor or touch-screen display, and can referto any computing device having display capabilities such as a desktopcomputer, laptop, tablet, smartphone, a television set-top box, orwearable device such Google Glass® or other human body-mounted displayapparatus. For example, the display device can be used to access dataand applications hosted by system 16, and to perform searches on storeddata, and otherwise allow a user to interact with various GUI pages thatmay be presented to a user. As discussed above, implementations aresuitable for use with the Internet, although other networks can be usedinstead of or in addition to the Internet, such as an intranet, anextranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a non-TCP/IP based network,any LAN or WAN or the like.

According to one implementation, each user system 12 and all of itscomponents are operator configurable using applications, such as abrowser, including computer code run using a central processing unitsuch as an Intel Pentium® processor or the like. Similarly, system 16(and additional instances of an MTS, where more than one is present) andall of its components might be operator configurable usingapplication(s) including computer code to run using processor system 17,which may be implemented to include a central processing unit, which mayinclude an Intel Pentium® processor or the like, and/or multipleprocessor units. Non-transitory computer-readable media can haveinstructions stored thereon/in, that can be executed by or used toprogram a computing device to perform any of the methods of theimplementations described herein. Computer program code 26 implementinginstructions for operating and configuring system 16 to intercommunicateand to process web pages, applications and other data and media contentas described herein is preferably downloadable and stored on a harddisk, but the entire program code, or portions thereof, may also bestored in any other volatile or non-volatile memory medium or device asis well known, such as a ROM or RAM, or provided on any media capable ofstoring program code, such as any type of rotating media includingfloppy disks, optical discs, digital versatile disk (DVD), compact disk(CD), microdrive, and magneto-optical disks, and magnetic or opticalcards, nanosystems (including molecular memory ICs), or any other typeof computer-readable medium or device suitable for storing instructionsand/or data. Additionally, the entire program code, or portions thereof,may be transmitted and downloaded from a software source over atransmission medium, e.g., over the Internet, or from another server, asis well known, or transmitted over any other conventional networkconnection as is well known (e.g., extranet, VPN, LAN, etc.) using anycommunication medium and protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, Ethernet,etc.) as are well known. It will also be appreciated that computer codefor the disclosed implementations can be realized in any programminglanguage that can be executed on a client system and/or server or serversystem such as, for example, C, C++, HTML, any other markup language,Java™, JavaScript, ActiveX, any other scripting language, such asVBScript, and many other programming languages as are well known may beused. (Java™ is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.).

According to some implementations, each system 16 is configured toprovide web pages, forms, applications, data and media content to user(client) systems 12 to support the access by user systems 12 as tenantsof system 16. As such, system 16 provides security mechanisms to keepeach tenant's data separate unless the data is shared. If more than oneMTS is used, they may be located in close proximity to one another(e.g., in a server farm located in a single building or campus), or theymay be distributed at locations remote from one another (e.g., one ormore servers located in city A and one or more servers located in cityB). As used herein, each MTS could include one or more logically and/orphysically connected servers distributed locally or across one or moregeographic locations. Additionally, the term “server” is meant to referto one type of computing device such as a system including processinghardware and process space(s), an associated storage medium such as amemory device or database, and, in some instances, a databaseapplication (e.g., OODBMS or RDBMS) as is well known in the art. Itshould also be understood that “server system” and “server” are oftenused interchangeably herein. Similarly, the database objects describedherein can be implemented as single databases, a distributed database, acollection of distributed databases, a database with redundant online oroffline backups or other redundancies, etc., and might include adistributed database or storage network and associated processingintelligence.

FIG. 8B shows a block diagram of an example of some implementations ofelements of FIG. 8A and various possible interconnections between theseelements. That is, FIG. 8B also illustrates environment 10. However, inFIG. 8B elements of system 16 and various interconnections in someimplementations are further illustrated. FIG. 8B shows that user system12 may include processor system 12A, memory system 12B, input system12C, and output system 12D. FIG. 8B shows network 14 and system 16. FIG.8B also shows that system 16 may include tenant data storage 22, tenantdata 23, system data storage 24, system data 25, User Interface (UI) 30,Application Program Interface (API) 32, PL/SOQL 34, save routines 36,application setup mechanism 38, application servers 50 ₁-50 _(N), systemprocess space 52, tenant process spaces 54, tenant management processspace 60, tenant storage space 62, user storage 64, and applicationmetadata 66. In other implementations, environment 10 may not have thesame elements as those listed above and/or may have other elementsinstead of, or in addition to, those listed above.

User system 12, network 14, system 16, tenant data storage 22, andsystem data storage 24 were discussed above in FIG. 8A. Regarding usersystem 12, processor system 12A may be any combination of one or moreprocessors. Memory system 12B may be any combination of one or morememory devices, short term, and/or long term memory. Input system 12Cmay be any combination of input devices, such as one or more keyboards,mice, trackballs, scanners, cameras, and/or interfaces to networks.Output system 12D may be any combination of output devices, such as oneor more monitors, printers, and/or interfaces to networks. As shown byFIG. 8B, system 16 may include a network interface 20 (of FIG. 8A)implemented as a set of application servers 50, an application platform18, tenant data storage 22, and system data storage 24. Also shown issystem process space 52, including individual tenant process spaces 54and a tenant management process space 60. Each application server 50 maybe configured to communicate with tenant data storage 22 and the tenantdata 23 therein, and system data storage 24 and the system data 25therein to serve requests of user systems 12. The tenant data 23 mightbe divided into individual tenant storage spaces 62, which can be eithera physical arrangement and/or a logical arrangement of data. Within eachtenant storage space 62, user storage 64 and application metadata 66might be similarly allocated for each user. For example, a copy of auser's most recently used (MRU) items might be stored to user storage64. Similarly, a copy of MRU items for an entire organization that is atenant might be stored to tenant storage space 62. A UI 30 provides auser interface and an API 32 provides an application programmerinterface to system 16 resident processes to users and/or developers atuser systems 12. The tenant data and the system data may be stored invarious databases, such as one or more Oracle® databases.

Application platform 18 includes an application setup mechanism 38 thatsupports application developers' creation and management ofapplications, which may be saved as metadata into tenant data storage 22by save routines 36 for execution by subscribers as one or more tenantprocess spaces 54 managed by tenant management process 60 for example.Invocations to such applications may be coded using PL/SOQL 34 thatprovides a programming language style interface extension to API 32. Adetailed description of some PL/SOQL language implementations isdiscussed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,730,478, titled METHODAND SYSTEM FOR ALLOWING ACCESS TO DEVELOPED APPLICATIONS VIA AMULTI-TENANT ON-DEMAND DATABASE SERVICE, by Craig Weissman, issued onJun. 1, 2010, and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety andfor all purposes. Invocations to applications may be detected by one ormore system processes, which manage retrieving application metadata 66for the subscriber making the invocation and executing the metadata asan application in a virtual machine.

Each application server 50 may be communicably coupled to databasesystems, e.g., having access to system data 25 and tenant data 23, via adifferent network connection. For example, one application server 50 ₁might be coupled via the network 14 (e.g., the Internet), anotherapplication server 50 _(N-1) might be coupled via a direct network link,and another application server 50 _(N) might be coupled by yet adifferent network connection. Transfer Control Protocol and InternetProtocol (TCP/IP) are typical protocols for communicating betweenapplication servers 50 and the database system. However, it will beapparent to one skilled in the art that other transport protocols may beused to optimize the system depending on the network interconnect used.

In certain implementations, each application server 50 is configured tohandle requests for any user associated with any organization that is atenant. Because it is desirable to be able to add and remove applicationservers from the server pool at any time for any reason, there ispreferably no server affinity for a user and/or organization to aspecific application server 50. In one implementation, therefore, aninterface system implementing a load balancing function (e.g., an F5Big-IP load balancer) is communicably coupled between the applicationservers 50 and the user systems 12 to distribute requests to theapplication servers 50. In one implementation, the load balancer uses aleast connections algorithm to route user requests to the applicationservers 50. Other examples of load balancing algorithms, such as roundrobin and observed response time, also can be used. For example, incertain implementations, three consecutive requests from the same usercould hit three different application servers 50, and three requestsfrom different users could hit the same application server 50. In thismanner, by way of example, system 16 is multi-tenant, wherein system 16handles storage of, and access to, different objects, data andapplications across disparate users and organizations.

As an example of storage, one tenant might be a company that employs asales force where each salesperson uses system 16 to manage their salesprocess. Thus, a user might maintain contact data, leads data, customerfollow-up data, performance data, goals and progress data, etc., allapplicable to that user's personal sales process (e.g., in tenant datastorage 22). In an example of a MTS arrangement, since all of the dataand the applications to access, view, modify, report, transmit,calculate, etc., can be maintained and accessed by a user system havingnothing more than network access, the user can manage his or her salesefforts and cycles from any of many different user systems. For example,if a salesperson is visiting a customer and the customer has Internetaccess in their lobby, the salesperson can obtain critical updates as tothat customer while waiting for the customer to arrive in the lobby.

While each user's data might be separate from other users' dataregardless of the employers of each user, some data might beorganization-wide data shared or accessible by a plurality of users orall of the users for a given organization that is a tenant. Thus, theremight be some data structures managed by system 16 that are allocated atthe tenant level while other data structures might be managed at theuser level. Because an MTS might support multiple tenants includingpossible competitors, the MTS should have security protocols that keepdata, applications, and application use separate. Also, because manytenants may opt for access to an MTS rather than maintain their ownsystem, redundancy, up-time, and backup are additional functions thatmay be implemented in the MTS. In addition to user-specific data andtenant-specific data, system 16 might also maintain system level datausable by multiple tenants or other data. Such system level data mightinclude industry reports, news, postings, and the like that are sharableamong tenants.

In certain implementations, user systems 12 (which may be clientsystems) communicate with application servers 50 to request and updatesystem-level and tenant-level data from system 16 that may involvesending one or more queries to tenant data storage 22 and/or system datastorage 24. System 16 (e.g., an application server 50 in system 16)automatically generates one or more SQL statements (e.g., one or moreSQL queries) that are designed to access the desired information. Systemdata storage 24 may generate query plans to access the requested datafrom the database.

Each database can generally be viewed as a collection of objects, suchas a set of logical tables, containing data fitted into predefinedcategories. A “table” is one representation of a data object, and may beused herein to simplify the conceptual description of objects and customobjects according to some implementations. It should be understood that“table” and “object” may be used interchangeably herein. Each tablegenerally contains one or more data categories logically arranged ascolumns or fields in a viewable schema. Each row or record of a tablecontains an instance of data for each category defined by the fields.For example, a CRM database may include a table that describes acustomer with fields for basic contact information such as name,address, phone number, fax number, etc. Another table might describe apurchase order, including fields for information such as customer,product, sale price, date, etc. In some multi-tenant database systems,standard entity tables might be provided for use by all tenants. For CRMdatabase applications, such standard entities might include tables forcase, account, contact, lead, and opportunity data objects, eachcontaining pre-defined fields. It should be understood that the word“entity” may also be used interchangeably herein with “object” and“table”.

In some multi-tenant database systems, tenants may be allowed to createand store custom objects, or they may be allowed to customize standardentities or objects, for example by creating custom fields for standardobjects, including custom index fields. Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No.7,779,039, titled CUSTOM ENTITIES AND FIELDS IN A MULTI-TENANT DATABASESYSTEM, by Weissman et al., issued on Aug. 17, 2010, and herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes, teachessystems and methods for creating custom objects as well as customizingstandard objects in a multi-tenant database system. In certainimplementations, for example, all custom entity data rows are stored ina single multi-tenant physical table, which may contain multiple logicaltables per organization. It is transparent to customers that theirmultiple “tables” are in fact stored in one large table or that theirdata may be stored in the same table as the data of other customers.

FIG. 9A shows a system diagram of an example of architectural componentsof an on-demand database service environment 900, in accordance withsome implementations. A client machine located in the cloud 904,generally referring to one or more networks in combination, as describedherein, may communicate with the on-demand database service environmentvia one or more edge routers 908 and 912. A client machine can be any ofthe examples of user systems 12 described above. The edge routers maycommunicate with one or more core switches 920 and 924 via firewall 916.The core switches may communicate with a load balancer 928, which maydistribute server load over different pods, such as the pods 940 and944. The pods 940 and 944, which may each include one or more serversand/or other computing resources, may perform data processing and otheroperations used to provide on-demand services. Communication with thepods may be conducted via pod switches 932 and 936. Components of theon-demand database service environment may communicate with a databasestorage 956 via a database firewall 948 and a database switch 952.

As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, accessing an on-demand database serviceenvironment may involve communications transmitted among a variety ofdifferent hardware and/or software components. Further, the on-demanddatabase service environment 900 is a simplified representation of anactual on-demand database service environment. For example, while onlyone or two devices of each type are shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, someimplementations of an on-demand database service environment may includeanywhere from one to many devices of each type. Also, the on-demanddatabase service environment need not include each device shown in FIGS.8A and 8B, or may include additional devices not shown in FIGS. 8A and8B.

Moreover, one or more of the devices in the on-demand database serviceenvironment 900 may be implemented on the same physical device or ondifferent hardware. Some devices may be implemented using hardware or acombination of hardware and software. Thus, terms such as “dataprocessing apparatus,” “machine,” “server” and “device” as used hereinare not limited to a single hardware device, but rather include anyhardware and software configured to provide the described functionality.

The cloud 904 is intended to refer to a data network or combination ofdata networks, often including the Internet. Client machines located inthe cloud 904 may communicate with the on-demand database serviceenvironment to access services provided by the on-demand databaseservice environment. For example, client machines may access theon-demand database service environment to retrieve, store, edit, and/orprocess information.

In some implementations, the edge routers 908 and 912 route packetsbetween the cloud 904 and other components of the on-demand databaseservice environment 900. The edge routers 908 and 912 may employ theBorder Gateway Protocol (BGP). The BGP is the core routing protocol ofthe Internet. The edge routers 908 and 912 may maintain a table of IPnetworks or ‘prefixes’, which designate network reachability amongautonomous systems on the Internet.

In one or more implementations, the firewall 916 may protect the innercomponents of the on-demand database service environment 900 fromInternet traffic. The firewall 916 may block, permit, or deny access tothe inner components of the on-demand database service environment 900based upon a set of rules and other criteria. The firewall 916 may actas one or more of a packet filter, an application gateway, a statefulfilter, a proxy server, or any other type of firewall.

In some implementations, the core switches 920 and 924 are high-capacityswitches that transfer packets within the on-demand database serviceenvironment 900. The core switches 920 and 924 may be configured asnetwork bridges that quickly route data between different componentswithin the on-demand database service environment. In someimplementations, the use of two or more core switches 920 and 924 mayprovide redundancy and/or reduced latency.

In some implementations, the pods 940 and 944 may perform the core dataprocessing and service functions provided by the on-demand databaseservice environment. Each pod may include various types of hardwareand/or software computing resources. An example of the pod architectureis discussed in greater detail with reference to FIG. 9B.

In some implementations, communication between the pods 940 and 944 maybe conducted via the pod switches 932 and 936. The pod switches 932 and936 may facilitate communication between the pods 940 and 944 and clientmachines located in the cloud 904, for example via core switches 920 and924. Also, the pod switches 932 and 936 may facilitate communicationbetween the pods 940 and 944 and the database storage 956.

In some implementations, the load balancer 928 may distribute workloadbetween the pods 940 and 944. Balancing the on-demand service requestsbetween the pods may assist in improving the use of resources,increasing throughput, reducing response times, and/or reducingoverhead. The load balancer 928 may include multilayer switches toanalyze and forward traffic.

In some implementations, access to the database storage 956 may beguarded by a database firewall 948. The database firewall 948 may act asa computer application firewall operating at the database applicationlayer of a protocol stack. The database firewall 948 may protect thedatabase storage 956 from application attacks such as structure querylanguage (SQL) injection, database rootkits, and unauthorizedinformation disclosure.

In some implementations, the database firewall 948 may include a hostusing one or more forms of reverse proxy services to proxy trafficbefore passing it to a gateway router. The database firewall 948 mayinspect the contents of database traffic and block certain content ordatabase requests. The database firewall 948 may work on the SQLapplication level atop the TCP/IP stack, managing applications'connection to the database or SQL management interfaces as well asintercepting and enforcing packets traveling to or from a databasenetwork or application interface.

In some implementations, communication with the database storage 956 maybe conducted via the database switch 952. The multi-tenant databasestorage 956 may include more than one hardware and/or softwarecomponents for handling database queries. Accordingly, the databaseswitch 952 may direct database queries transmitted by other componentsof the on-demand database service environment (e.g., the pods 940 and944) to the correct components within the database storage 956.

In some implementations, the database storage 956 is an on-demanddatabase system shared by many different organizations. The on-demanddatabase service may employ a multi-tenant approach, a virtualizedapproach, or any other type of database approach. On-demand databaseservices are discussed in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 9A and9B.

FIG. 9B shows a system diagram further illustrating an example ofarchitectural components of an on-demand database service environment,in accordance with some implementations. The pod 944 may be used torender services to a user of the on-demand database service environment900. In some implementations, each pod may include a variety of serversand/or other systems. The pod 944 includes one or more content batchservers 964, content search servers 968, query servers 982, file servers986, access control system (ACS) servers 980, batch servers 984, and appservers 988. Also, the pod 944 includes database instances 990, quickfile systems (QFS) 992, and indexers 994. In one or moreimplementations, some or all communication between the servers in thepod 944 may be transmitted via the switch 936.

The content batch servers 964 may handle requests internal to the pod.These requests may be long-running and/or not tied to a particularcustomer. For example, the content batch servers 964 may handle requestsrelated to log mining, cleanup work, and maintenance tasks.

The content search servers 968 may provide query and indexer functions.For example, the functions provided by the content search servers 968may allow users to search through content stored in the on-demanddatabase service environment.

The file servers 986 may manage requests for information stored in thefile storage 998. The file storage 998 may store information such asdocuments, images, and basic large objects (BLOBs). By managing requestsfor information using the file servers 986, the image footprint on thedatabase may be reduced.

The query servers 982 may be used to retrieve information from one ormore file systems. For example, the query system 982 may receiverequests for information from the app servers 988 and then transmitinformation queries to the NFS 996 located outside the pod.

The pod 944 may share a database instance 990 configured as amulti-tenant environment in which different organizations share accessto the same database. Additionally, services rendered by the pod 944 maycall upon various hardware and/or software resources. In someimplementations, the ACS servers 980 may control access to data,hardware resources, or software resources.

In some implementations, the batch servers 984 may process batch jobs,which are used to run tasks at specified times. Thus, the batch servers984 may transmit instructions to other servers, such as the app servers988, to trigger the batch jobs.

In some implementations, the QFS 992 may be an open source file systemavailable from Sun Microsystems® of Santa Clara, Calif. The QFS mayserve as a rapid-access file system for storing and accessinginformation available within the pod 944. The QFS 992 may support somevolume management capabilities, allowing many disks to be groupedtogether into a file system. File system metadata can be kept on aseparate set of disks, which may be useful for streaming applicationswhere long disk seeks cannot be tolerated. Thus, the QFS system maycommunicate with one or more content search servers 968 and/or indexers994 to identify, retrieve, move, and/or update data stored in thenetwork file systems 996 and/or other storage systems.

In some implementations, one or more query servers 982 may communicatewith the NFS 996 to retrieve and/or update information stored outside ofthe pod 944. The NFS 996 may allow servers located in the pod 944 toaccess information to access files over a network in a manner similar tohow local storage is accessed.

In some implementations, queries from the query servers 922 may betransmitted to the NFS 996 via the load balancer 928, which maydistribute resource requests over various resources available in theon-demand database service environment. The NFS 996 may also communicatewith the QFS 992 to update the information stored on the NFS 996 and/orto provide information to the QFS 992 for use by servers located withinthe pod 944.

In some implementations, the pod may include one or more databaseinstances 990. The database instance 990 may transmit information to theQFS 992. When information is transmitted to the QFS, it may be availablefor use by servers within the pod 944 without using an additionaldatabase call.

In some implementations, database information may be transmitted to theindexer 994. Indexer 994 may provide an index of information availablein the database 990 and/or QFS 992. The index information may beprovided to file servers 986 and/or the QFS 992.

In some implementations, one or more application servers or otherservers described above with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B include ahardware and/or software framework configurable to execute proceduresusing programs, routines, scripts, etc. Thus, in some implementations,one or more of application servers 50 ₁-50 _(N) of FIG. 8B can beconfigured to initiate performance of one or more of the operationsdescribed above by instructing another computing device to perform anoperation. In some implementations, one or more application servers 50₁-50 _(N) carry out, either partially or entirely, one or more of thedisclosed operations. In some implementations, app servers 988 of FIG.9B support the construction of applications provided by the on-demanddatabase service environment 900 via the pod 944. Thus, an app server988 may include a hardware and/or software framework configurable toexecute procedures to partially or entirely carry out or instructanother computing device to carry out one or more operations disclosedherein. In alternative implementations, two or more app servers 988 maycooperate to perform or cause performance of such operations. Any of thedatabases and other storage facilities described above with reference toFIGS. 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B can be configured to store lists, articles,documents, records, files, and other objects for implementing theoperations described above. For instance, lists of availablecommunication channels associated with share actions for sharing a typeof data item can be maintained in tenant data storage 22 and/or systemdata storage 24 of FIGS. 7A and 7B. By the same token, lists of defaultor designated channels for particular share actions can be maintained instorage 22 and/or storage 24. In some other implementations, rather thanstoring one or more lists, articles, documents, records, and/or files,the databases and other storage facilities described above can storepointers to the lists, articles, documents, records, and/or files, whichmay instead be stored in other repositories external to the systems andenvironments described above with reference to FIGS. 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B.

While some of the disclosed implementations may be described withreference to a system having an application server providing a front endfor an on-demand database service capable of supporting multipletenants, the disclosed implementations are not limited to multi-tenantdatabases nor deployment on application servers. Some implementationsmay be practiced using various database architectures such as ORACLE®,DB2® by IBM and the like without departing from the scope of theimplementations claimed.

It should be understood that some of the disclosed implementations canbe embodied in the form of control logic using hardware and/or computersoftware in a modular or integrated manner. Other ways and/or methodsare possible using hardware and a combination of hardware and software.

Any of the disclosed implementations may be embodied in various types ofhardware, software, firmware, and combinations thereof. For example,some techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, at least in part,by computer-readable media that include program instructions, stateinformation, etc., for performing various services and operationsdescribed herein. Examples of program instructions include both machinecode, such as produced by a compiler, and files containing higher-levelcode that may be executed by a computing device such as a server orother data processing apparatus using an interpreter. Examples ofcomputer-readable media include, but are not limited to: magnetic mediasuch as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media suchas flash memory, compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD);magneto-optical media; and hardware devices specially configured tostore program instructions, such as read-only memory (ROM) devices andrandom access memory (RAM) devices. A computer-readable medium may beany combination of such storage devices.

Any of the operations and techniques described in this application maybe implemented as software code to be executed by a processor using anysuitable computer language such as, for example, Java, C++ or Perlusing, for example, object-oriented techniques. The software code may bestored as a series of instructions or commands on a computer-readablemedium. Computer-readable media encoded with the software/program codemay be packaged with a compatible device or provided separately fromother devices (e.g., via Internet download). Any such computer-readablemedium may reside on or within a single computing device or an entirecomputer system, and may be among other computer-readable media within asystem or network. A computer system or computing device may include amonitor, printer, or other suitable display for providing any of theresults mentioned herein to a user.

While various implementations have been described herein, it should beunderstood that they have been presented by way of example only, and notlimitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present applicationshould not be limited by any of the implementations described herein,but should be defined only in accordance with the following andlater-submitted claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a database systemimplemented using a server system, the database system configurable tocause: providing, for presentation via a display device, a flow builderapplication including a graphical representation of a flow, the flowincluding a plurality of elements, each of the elements corresponding toa set of computer-readable instructions; obtaining flow performance dataassociated with the flow, the obtaining of the flow performance dataassociated with the flow including ascertaining one or more paths of theflow that have been traversed during an instance of execution of theflow; generating or updating a set of metrics associated with the flowbased, at least in part, on the flow performance data, the set ofmetrics indicating, for each of a plurality of paths of the flow, one ormore metrics collected across a plurality of users of the databasesystem that accessed the flow, each of the paths of the flowcorresponding to a subset of the plurality of elements of the flow;providing, for presentation via the display device and within the flowbuilder application, an indication of the set of metrics associated withthe flow in relation to one or more elements of the flow such that atleast a first portion of the set of metrics is provided for presentationin close proximity to a visual representation of a first one of theelements of the flow and a second portion of the set of metrics isprovided for presentation in close proximity to a visual representationof a second one of the plurality of elements of the flow, the firstportion of the set of metrics indicating a hardware and/or softwareperformance condition associated with the first element of the flow;processing a request to modify the flow, the request being received viathe flow builder application, the request to modify the flow addressingthe hardware and/or software performance condition and including: anindication of an additional element to add to the flow at a particularposition within the flow, an indication of removal of one of theelements of the flow, or an indication of a change in position of one ofthe plurality of elements of the flow from an existing position withinthe flow to a modified position within the flow; and modifying thegraphical representation of the flow responsive to processing therequest to modify the flow.
 2. The system as recited in claim 1, thedatabase system further configurable to cause: storing a representationof the flow according to a result of modifying the graphicalrepresentation of the flow.
 3. The system as recited in claim 1, whereingenerating or updating is performed, at least in part, responsive toprocessing a request, received via an application programming interface(API), from a client device.
 4. The system as recited in claim 1,wherein providing the flow builder application including the graphicalrepresentation of the flow is performed responsive to processing arequest, received via an application programming interface (API), from aclient device.
 5. The system as recited in claim 1, the set of metricsindicating, for a path of the flow, a frequency with which the path istraversed across a plurality of users of the database system.
 6. Thesystem as recited in claim 1, wherein obtaining the flow performancedata further includes ascertaining one or more of: 1) a number of timesthat one of the users navigated to a particular graphical user interface(GUI) associated with one of the plurality of elements of the flow, 2)an amount of time that the user viewed the GUI, or 3) an amount of timethat elapsed, for each of the paths, during execution of the path;wherein the set of metrics further indicates at least one of: 1) anaverage number of times that the GUI was accessed during execution ofthe flow across the plurality of users of the database system, 2) anaverage amount of time that the GUI associated with the element of theflow was viewed across the plurality of users of the database system, or3) an average amount of time that elapsed, for each of the paths, duringexecution of the path across the plurality of users of the databasesystem.
 7. The system as recited in claim 1, the database system furtherconfigurable to cause: obtaining an indication of an additional elementand an indication of a position of the additional element within theflow; and modifying the flow such that the plurality of elementsincludes the additional element at the indicated position within theflow, the additional element including a screen element.
 8. A computerprogram product comprising computer-readable program code capable ofbeing executed by one or more processors when retrieved from anon-transitory computer-readable medium, the program code comprisingcomputer-readable instructions configurable to cause: providing, forpresentation via a display device, a flow builder application includinga graphical representation of a flow, the flow including a plurality ofelements, each of the elements corresponding to a set ofcomputer-readable instructions; obtaining flow performance dataassociated with the flow, the obtaining of the flow performance dataassociated with the flow including ascertaining one or more paths of theflow that have been traversed during an instance of execution of theflow; generating or updating a set of metrics associated with the flowbased, at least in part, on the flow performance data, the set ofmetrics indicating, for each of a plurality of paths of the flow, one ormore metrics collected across a plurality of users of a database systemthat accessed the flow, each of the paths of the flow corresponding to asubset of the plurality of elements of the flow; providing, forpresentation via the display device and within the flow builderapplication, an indication of the set of metrics associated with theflow in relation to one or more elements of the flow such that at leasta first portion of the set of metrics is provided for presentation inclose proximity to a visual representation of a first one of theelements of the flow and a second portion of the set of metrics isprovided for presentation in close proximity to a visual representationof a second one of the plurality of elements of the flow, the firstportion of the set of metrics indicating a hardware and/or softwareperformance condition associated with the first element of the flow;processing a request to modify the flow, the request being received viathe flow builder application, the request to modify the flow addressingthe hardware and/or software performance condition and including: anindication of an additional element to add to the flow at a particularposition within the flow, an indication of removal of one of theelements of the flow, or an indication of a change in position of one ofthe plurality of elements of the flow from an existing position withinthe flow to a modified position within the flow; and modifying thegraphical representation of the flow responsive to processing therequest to modify the flow.
 9. The computer program product as recitedin claim 8, the computer-readable instructions further configurable tocause: storing a representation of the flow according to a result ofmodifying the graphical representation of the flow.
 10. The computerprogram product as recited in claim 8, wherein generating or updating isperformed, at least in part, responsive to processing a request,received via an application programming interface (API), from a clientdevice.
 11. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, whereinproviding the flow builder application including the graphicalrepresentation of the flow is performed responsive to processing arequest, received via an application programming interface (API), from aclient device.
 12. The computer program product as recited in claim 8,the set of metrics indicating, for a path of the flow, a frequency withwhich the path is traversed across a plurality of users of the databasesystem.
 13. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, whereinobtaining the flow performance data further includes ascertaining one ormore of: 1) a number of times that one of the users navigated to aparticular graphical user interface (GUI) associated with one of theplurality of elements of the flow, 2) an amount of time that the userviewed the GUI, or 3) an amount of time that elapsed, for each of thepaths, during execution of the path; wherein the set of metrics furtherindicates at least one of: 1) an average number of times that the GUIwas accessed during execution of the flow across the plurality of usersof the database system, 2) an average amount of time that the GUIassociated with the element of the flow was viewed across the pluralityof users of the database system, or 3) an average amount of time thatelapsed, for each of the paths, during execution of the path across theplurality of users of the database system.
 14. The computer programproduct as recited in claim 8, the computer-readable instructionsfurther configurable to cause: obtaining an indication of an additionalelement and an indication of a position of the additional element withinthe flow; and modifying the flow such that the plurality of elementsincludes the additional element at the indicated position within theflow, the additional element including a screen element.
 15. A method,comprising: providing, for presentation via a display device, a flowbuilder application including a graphical representation of a flow, theflow including a plurality of elements, each of the elementscorresponding to a set of computer-readable instructions; obtaining flowperformance data associated with the flow, the obtaining of the flowperformance data associated with the flow including ascertaining one ormore paths of the flow that have been traversed during an instance ofexecution of the flow; generating or updating a set of metricsassociated with the flow based, at least in part, on the flowperformance data, the set of metrics indicating, for each of a pluralityof paths of the flow, one or more metrics collected across a pluralityof users of a database system that accessed the flow, each of the pathsof the flow corresponding to a subset of the plurality of elements ofthe flow; providing, for presentation via the display device and withinthe flow builder application, an indication of the set of metricsassociated with the flow in relation to one or more elements of the flowsuch that at least a first portion of the set of metrics is provided forpresentation in close proximity to a visual representation of a firstone of the elements of the flow and a second portion of the set ofmetrics is provided for presentation in close proximity to a visualrepresentation of a second one of the plurality of elements of the flow,the first portion of the set of metrics indicating a hardware and/orsoftware performance condition associated with the first element of theflow; processing a request to modify the flow, the request beingreceived via the flow builder application, the request to modify theflow addressing the hardware and/or software performance condition andincluding: an indication of an additional element to add to the flow ata particular position within the flow, an indication of removal of oneof the elements of the flow, or an indication of a change in position ofone of the plurality of elements of the flow from an existing positionwithin the flow to a modified position within the flow; and modifyingthe graphical representation of the flow responsive to processing therequest to modify the flow.
 16. The method as recited in claim 15,further comprising: storing a representation of the flow according to aresult of modifying the graphical representation of the flow.
 17. Themethod as recited in claim 15, wherein generating or updating isperformed, at least in part, responsive to processing a request,received via an application programming interface (API), from a clientdevice.
 18. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein providing theflow builder application including the graphical representation of theflow is performed responsive to processing a request, received via anapplication programming interface (API), from a client device.
 19. Themethod as recited in claim 15, the set of metrics indicating, for a pathof the flow, a frequency with which the path is traversed across aplurality of users of the database system.
 20. The method as recited inclaim 15, wherein obtaining the flow performance data further includesascertaining one or more of: 1) a number of times that one of the usersnavigated to a particular graphical user interface (GUI) associated withone of the plurality of elements of the flow, 2) an amount of time thatthe user viewed the GUI, or 3) an amount of time that elapsed, for eachof the paths, during execution of the path; wherein the set of metricsfurther indicates at least one of: 1) an average number of times thatthe GUI was accessed during execution of the flow across the pluralityof users of the database system, 2) an average amount of time that theGUI associated with the element of the flow was viewed across theplurality of users of the database system, or 3) an average amount oftime that elapsed, for each of the paths, during execution of the pathacross the plurality of users of the database system.